server name
www.bing.com
Mixed audience
A mix of client stacks reach this name, none dominating.
- domain
Read
client diversity
20 distinct client stacks reach this name.
concentration
0.742 traffic splits near-evenly across many unrelated stacks.
Spread is entropy over the fingerprints reaching this domain, not over the domains a fingerprint reaches. It can’t distinguish one scraper from many people — it measures the mix of software, not who runs it.
Footprint
220
observations
20
distinct clients
2026-07-19
first seen
2026-07-23
last seen
Client stacks reaching this name
- Google Chrome / Chromiumrandomising36%
- Python httpx / aiohttpmulti-build14%
- Google Chrome / Chromiumrandomising8.6%
- Google Chrome / Chromiumrandomising8.2%
- 5.5%
- Google Chrome / Chromiummulti-build5.5%
- 4.5%
- Google Chrome / Chromiumrandomising4.1%
- Google Chrome / Chromiumrandomising3.2%
- Android (Conscrypt) / Flutter (BoringSSL)multi-build2.7%
- t13d3112h1_e8f…e05bbdd6multi-build1.4%
- Apple Safari / WebKitmulti-build1.4%
- t12d5908h1_7bd…095b7c4aunclassified1.4%
- Node.js fetch / undicimulti-build0.9%
- Python urllib (stdlib)unclassified0.5%
Busiest 15 client stacks on this page. Share is the fraction of this name’s observations. Many distinct fingerprints on a low-traffic name is itself worth a look; a blank JA3 is a permuting client — open the fingerprint for its variants.
| client | JA3 | stability | count | share | first seen | last seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Google Chrome / Chromium Chromium cipher-suite signature — Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera; any extension permutation or version | — | randomising | 79 | 36% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-23 |
| Python httpx / aiohttp Python 3.10–3.13, standalone OpenSSL 3 — Alpine (musl), uv, or macOS-arm | — | multi-build | 31 | 14% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-23 |
| Google Chrome / Chromium Chromium cipher-suite signature — Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera; any extension permutation or version | — | randomising | 19 | 8.6% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-23 |
| Google Chrome / Chromium Chromium cipher-suite signature — Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera; any extension permutation or version | — | randomising | 18 | 8.2% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-23 |
| t13d2613h2_2802a…286b0d67 | 656b9a2f…60ab3d | fixed | 12 | 5.5% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-23 |
| Google Chrome / Chromium Chromium cipher-suite signature — Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera; any extension permutation or version | — | multi-build | 12 | 5.5% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-21 |
| t12d590500_7bd05…2d800fe4 | 48c3dee9…1997e0 | fixed | 10 | 4.5% | 2026-07-20 | 2026-07-23 |
| Google Chrome / Chromium Chromium cipher-suite signature — Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera; any extension permutation or version | — | randomising | 9 | 4.1% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-22 |
| Google Chrome / Chromium Chromium cipher-suite signature — Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera; any extension permutation or version | — | randomising | 7 | 3.2% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-23 |
| Android (Conscrypt) / Flutter (BoringSSL) mobile-BoringSSL cipher-suite signature — Android system TLS (Play Services, Firebase, OkHttp apps) and Flutter/Dart; any ALPN | — | multi-build | 6 | 2.7% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-23 |
| t13d3112h1_e8f1e…e05bbdd6 | — | multi-build | 3 | 1.4% | 2026-07-23 | 2026-07-23 |
| Apple Safari / WebKit Apple SecureTransport cipher-suite signature — Safari (macOS/iOS), WKWebView, and native URLSession apps; the 3DES legacy tail (0xC008/0xC012/0x000A) is Apple's tell, no other modern stack carries it. Platform entry like Android's Conscrypt: Apple system TLS legitimately offers any ALPN (h2, http/1.1, dot, none), so the cipher list alone is the signature — not ALPN-gated | — | multi-build | 3 | 1.4% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-19 |
| t12d5908h1_7bd05…095b7c4a | f2a29a17…f49108 | unclassified | 3 | 1.4% | 2026-07-22 | 2026-07-23 |
| Node.js fetch / undici Node 22 — bundled OpenSSL 3 (newer) | — | multi-build | 2 | 0.9% | 2026-07-20 | 2026-07-20 |
| Python urllib (stdlib) Python 3.10–3.13, standalone OpenSSL 3 — Alpine (musl), uv, or macOS-arm | — | unclassified | 1 | 0.5% | 2026-07-20 | 2026-07-20 |
| Apple Safari / WebKit Apple SecureTransport cipher-suite signature — Safari (macOS/iOS), WKWebView, and native URLSession apps; the 3DES legacy tail (0xC008/0xC012/0x000A) is Apple's tell, no other modern stack carries it. Platform entry like Android's Conscrypt: Apple system TLS legitimately offers any ALPN (h2, http/1.1, dot, none), so the cipher list alone is the signature — not ALPN-gated | — | multi-build | 1 | 0.5% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-19 |
| Android (Conscrypt) / Flutter (BoringSSL) mobile-BoringSSL cipher-suite signature — Android system TLS (Play Services, Firebase, OkHttp apps) and Flutter/Dart; any ALPN | — | multi-build | 1 | 0.5% | 2026-07-23 | 2026-07-23 |
| t13d2114h2_abf72…8d8d241b | 1aad9aff…b2140e | fixed | 1 | 0.5% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-19 |
| Python httpx / aiohttp Python 3.11–3.13, Debian (OpenSSL 3) | — | multi-build | 1 | 0.5% | 2026-07-23 | 2026-07-23 |
| Python requests / urllib3 official CPython build (OpenSSL 3.0.x — Windows / macOS / uv); ja4_b is the build, ja4_c b26ce05bbdd6 is urllib3's own SSLContext (post_handshake_auth, no session ticket) — httpx on the same build differs by that one extension. First seen as Windows 10, Python 3.14. | — | multi-build | 1 | 0.5% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-19 |